Lasik Eye Surgery Complications

Lasik Eye Surgery Complications

Word Count:
619

Summary:
The risks of Lasik eye surgery are low with an experienced Lasik eye surgeon but you need to be aware of possible complications prior to surgery. Your Lasik eye surgeon should freely discuss all possible complications of Lasik eye surgery prior to surgery. Some of the possible complications are: infection, undercorrection, overcorrection, dry eye, corneal abrasion, night glare and corneal flap wrinkles. Read more to find out which of these complications may go away on their own and which ones may require additional surgery.

Keywords:
lasik eye surgery, lasik eye surgeon, nearsighted, farsighted

Article Body:
What are some of the possible complications of Lasik eye surgery?

Undercorrection – this occurs when the expected vision correction falls short of the desired outcome. This occurs more commonly with patients who have a high degree of nearsightedness (only objects close up are clear), farsightedness (only objects far away are clear) or astigmatism (images both far and near are distorted). Why? There is more laser corneal sculpting that needs to occur with patients having higher degrees of vision imperfection.  When choosing your Lasik eye surgeon, it's important to ask them what percentage of their patients need retreatment for undercorrection. This should be something that they are willing to freely discuss with you. If not, walk away! This is not to be confused with a planned slight undercorrection for nearsighted patients over forty years old which aids their reading vision. But this is something that you and your Lasik eye surgeon would have discussed before your surgery.

Overcorrection – this complication occurs less frequently than undercorrection and results when the amount of correction (corneal laser sculpting) exceeds what is planned. Slight overcorrection can be temporary and may resolve itself in the first month following Lasik eye surgery. Patients can manage slight overcorrections by wearing glasses until their vision resolves. Some patients with overcorrection may need additional Lasik eye surgery 3 to 6 months following their first surgery.

Dry Eye – many Lasik eye surgery patients may experience the feeling of 'grittiness' in their eyes following surgery. This condition usually resolves itself in 3 to 6 months and may be helped by using lubricating eye drops. Patients using birth control pills and patients going through menopause may experience this condition more often.  If 'dry eye' continues beyond 6 months, your Lasik eye surgeon may recommend blocking your tear ducts with tiny silicon plugs to prevent tears from draining away too quickly.

Corneal abrasion – a small percentage of Lasik eye surgery patients may develop a small corneal abrasion (scrape) caused by the microkeratome (instrument used to create corneal flap) used during surgery. This abrasion is generally not serious and will heal quickly. Your Lasik eye surgeon may temporarily place a thin bandage contact lens on your eye to promote healing. While your abrasion is healing, your vision will be blurry.

Night glare – this annoying condition may not affect your vision clarity but patients may see halos or ghosting of images at night during the first month following surgery. Night glare generally improves in 3 months and often disappears within 6 months. Patients with large pupils and more severe vision impairment may be more prone to night glare.

Corneal flap complication – this occurs when the corneal flap is too small, too thin or is an irregular shape. In some cases the corneal flap may shift slightly following surgery if a patient rubs their eyes during the first 6 hours after surgery. If the flap does shift, 'wrinkles' can form causing distorted vision. A second procedure may be necessary to 'smooth out' the wrinkles and improve vision.

Infection – although this is the most feared complication of Lasik eye surgery patients, it is extremely rare. If your eye is going to become infected, chances are it will happen in the first 72 hours following surgery and will be treated with antibiotic eye drops. For this reason it is very important to avoid eye makeup, hot tubs and swimming pools for at least the first week following Lasik eye surgery.

The risks of Lasik eye surgery are low with an experienced Lasik eye surgeon but you need to be aware of possible complications prior to surgery. Your Lasik eye surgeon should freely discuss all possible complications of Lasik eye surgery prior to surgery. Do everything you can to put your eyes in the best possible hands.

 

LASIK Eye Surgery and the Benefits of the Procedure

LASIK Eye Surgery and the Benefits of the Procedure

Word Count:
369

Summary:
LASIK (Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis) is a common type of eye surgery that many are using to be able to decrease their dependency on glasses and contact lenses.

Keywords:
eye surgery,lasik eye surgery,lasik surgery

Article Body:
LASIK (Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis) is a common type of eye surgery that many are using to be able to decrease their dependency on glasses and contact lenses.

LASIK is a method of refractive surgery that is a regular procedure, often used for treating nearsightedness. Its popularity is due to the improvement of vision, without the major side effects that other eye surgery methods may produce.

With the eye being one of the most sensitive areas of the body, it might be somewhat surprising to learn that the LASIK procedure is relatively simple. In fact it's not uncommon for those patients that have undergone the procedure to be working again the following day.

The eye is firstly washed out with a solution to numb the area. The next step is to hold the eyelids open using clamps. This will prevent blinking. After the solution begins to take effect, the surgeon will make an incision in the cornea. Once enough tissue is removed using the laser, the surgeon can then close where the incision is made, and the procedure is complete.

The benefits of LASIK eye surgery is there for all to see (excuse the pun!). Thousands of people have undergone the procedure, but for some the apprehension to go through with eye surgery may be attributed to the main benefits not being made clear, which are mainly two-fold:

1) The possibility to live life without the need for glasses or contact lenses.

2) An increase in the quality of vision.

The cost of having LASIK eye surgery performed can vary. The price depends on factors such as the equipment used for the surgery and also the testing carried out before the procedure. You may find that different providers will perform different levels of testing, so ensure that you research into different providers and find out what is included in the price. Of course you cannot put a price on your vision, but there is certainly no harm in discovering which provider offers the required features in the quoted price. One point that must be considered though is to find a surgeon that has experience with the procedure. Do not simply opt for the cheapest as they may not necessarily be the best.

 

Is There a Waterproof Solar Charger?

Is There a Waterproof Solar Charger?

Word Count:
502

Summary:
Many people using solar chargers want to know if there is a waterproof solar charger available. The answer is...

Keywords:
solar charger,solar chargers,solar powered charger,solar battery charger,minder,smart,intelligent,waterproof solar charger

Article Body:
Many people using solar chargers want to know if there is a waterproof solar charger available. Most of these people who like to use their solar chargers while at the beach are afraid that the water splashing around will ruin their chargers. Solar chargers are very durable and most can withstand the normal splashing that occurs at the beach.

The sun power that is used to operate a solar charger is a great way for people at the beach to keep their electrical devices running. Because solar chargers are meant to be used outside, they are naturally waterproof. They are made to withstand rain and other natural weather that may occur around them.

Weatherproof solar chargers are easy to find, the actual concern is more for the devices you are going to be charging with your solar energy charger. Most electrical devices that you will be charging with your charger are not weatherproof or waterproof at all. So even though your solar charger may be able to withstand a little water being splashed on it, that does not mean that your cell phone will be equally capable of operating in those watery conditions.

It is extremely important to keep all your electrical devices out of any water. Most devices will be ruined with very little water coming into contact with them. For those people who like to use their solar chargers at the beach, this can present a huge dilemma.  They want to use a solar charger while relaxing at the beach, but they do not want to risk ruining their expensive electrical devices.

A simple solution is to remain far enough away from the water that you will not risk getting your device wet. You can also use an umbrella or other shading device to keep your electronics out of the weather in case it suddenly starts to rain. Just remember if you are using an umbrella to make sure and put your solar charger in the sunlight. If your charger is not in full sunlight, it will take much longer to charger your batteries or other devices.

Another solution for people who are afraid of water getting to their electrical devices is that they can put them in a plastic bag and only have the cord of the solar charger coming in through a small opening. This will protect the electronic device while still allowing it to be charged. This is a great option for sitting around the pool or at the beach. If the weather gets really bad, you should consider just packing everything up and heading for cover.

Solar chargers are very durable and can withstand most weather related conditions. It may still be necessary to remove your portable solar chargers from the weather if it is very stormy or windy out. A little rain should not bother them. Just make sure you have taken care of the devices you were charging because they are much more susceptible to rain and water damage than a solar charger is.

 

Is Switchgrass a Viable Energy Crop?

Is Switchgrass a Viable Energy Crop?

Word Count:
607

Summary:
Switchgrass has long been a staple crop of farmers. It is used as fodder for farm animals, fuel, and electrical needs, as a buffer strip and soil erosion control. However, when President Bush introduced The Biofuels Initiative during his 2006 state of the nation address, he moved this native prairie grass' use as an energy crop to the forefront.

Keywords:
switch graa, witchgrass, president bush, alternative energy, fossil fuels

Article Body:
Switchgrass has long been a staple crop of farmers. It is used as fodder for farm animals, fuel, and electrical needs, as a buffer strip and soil erosion control.

However, when President Bush introduced The Biofuels Initiative during his 2006 state of the nation address, he moved this native prairie grass' use as an energy crop to the forefront.

The Biofuels Initiative is a critical part of the president's advanced energy initiatives. It seeks to reduce the country's dependence on foreign oil suppliers by more than 75% of oil imports by 2025.

The aim is to accomplish this with the use of non-food based biomass, such as agricultural waste, trees, forest residues, and perennial grasses specifically switchgrass to produce energy fuels.

When distilled switchgrass produces ethanol, an alcohol that fuels vehicles. Currently ethanol is blended at a ratio of 15 percent to 85 percent of gasoline and sold as E-85.

Switchgrass or Tall Panic Grass is a short rhizomatous plant. It is highly adaptable for it can be planted in different parts of the country of varying climate conditions. It is also drought resistant.

From planting to care and harvesting, it costs less energy to produce biofuel from switchgrass.

Harvest semi-annually
Switch is a perennial crop, which means it can be harvested twice a year for close to 10 years, before the crop has to be replanted. It also grows fast, absorbs the solar energy, and turns this energy into cellulose. Ethanol is extracted from the cellulose by means of distillation.

High yield per acre
Results from among 19 BFDP (Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program) research sites on both the Eastern and Central United States have shown that switchgrass can be harvested at 15 tons an acre. When distilled into ethanol, this yields 1,500 gallons of ethanol an acre. When averaged on a six-year basis, this means a yield of 115,000 of gallons of ethanol from each acre.

Cost efficient
Results from a study undertaken by the University of California Berkeley, has found out that it takes more energy to produce gasoline than it does to produce ethanol.

Multiple uses
Expected advances in gasification technologies will yield other useful fuels: diesel fuel, methane gas, and methanol. 

Environmentally Friendly
Switchgrass poses no danger to the soil's fertility as it even adds organic matter. 

Switchgrass has an intricate system of stems and roots. This system reaches into the deeper parts of the soil to hold on to it, stopping soil erosion.

Switchgrass are reliable buffers. Farmers plant these grasses along wetlands and steambanks to filter out pesticides and to prevent these dangerous chemicals from entering the water supply. 

Switchgrass removes carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and puts these back in the soil. Fossil fuels, on the other hand release huge amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, increasing air pollution and worsening the greenhouse gas effects.  

Financially rewarding
It costs less to grow switchgrass. When you add government tax incentives and grants raising switchgrass will be as profitable as extracting fossil fuels.

These are the present disadvantages of using switchgrass as the main source of biofuels.

The need to improve pretreatment technologies  
Current technologies are not efficient in extracting higher yields from switchgrass. R&D efforts should correct this.

The need to allocate land for switchgrass
Is there available agricultural land to plant switchgrass? A system must be set in place to ensure there is land for both switchgrass and food crops.

The use of switchgrass as an energy crop is decidedly viable from the economic, production, and environmental aspects.

However, the success of switchgrass as an energy crop will depend on these key factors:  government policies and funding, R&D efforts, technological innovations and vehicle efficiency.

 

Is Solar Power The Immediate Answer To Our Energy Woes ?

Is Solar Power The Immediate Answer To Our Energy Woes ?

Word Count:
498

Summary:
The world has placed virtually all its eggs in one energy source
basket...the earth's oil, gas and coal fossil fuel reserves. It must now learn how to slowly wean itself from it. The question is..."where do we
turn for the new source that will turn our energy wheels ?"

Keywords:
Solar Power, Solar energy, Renewable energy

Article Body:
We are looking for an across-the-board solution for our present exorbitant consumption of gasoline and it seems as though there is none, at least for the present. We are looking at Ethanol additive to our present gasoline formulas, but this will only give us better miles per gallon and of course, much cleaner bi-products with its use. Ethanol becomes a temporary
fix...at best. The reason, of course is the need for the corn base sugars(and other similar sugar and starch crops) to produce it. It is a simple deduction that it will eventually begin to deplete the food stock of our nation and also hurt our exports of these grains. We could, with the anticipated increase in need of our corn crop, grow the extra acreage that
would be needed to meet any anticipated needs. We must keep in mind the amount of labor that would be required to accomplish this task. The question remains...Will the Ethanol approach keep the price below our present gasoline prices ?

All in all, we must accept the fact that we will not be able to have our gas and eat our corn muffins too. There are also other crops which can be used to derive the Ethanol fuel, such as soybeans, sugar beet, raw sugarcane, etc.. The fact still remains...the choice will be gas for our automobiles and along with this will eventually come a vast depletion of one or more of our key domestic and export crops. It does not mean that this scenario will eventually come to be, but without other renewable energy fuels developed in tandem, such as the Hydrogen based fuel cell to assist the Ethanol fuel approach, this could lend itself to some key food staple shortages. The final question may be..."Do we prefer wheels beneath
our feet, or food in our stomachs." Common sense tells us that at this point in time, we must proceed with great caution. Granted, the very large south American country of Brazil has embarked on their Ethanol program for approximately a decade now, with fairly good results and have enjoyed the weaning from foreign oil. Will it ever be 100% remains to be seen.

Solar energy is one possible approach being tinkered with to produce Hydrogen in order to power our future power plants and it is hoped that electricity, which now helps to deplete our fossil fuels will help us to deliver the fuel needed to produce power for advanced "Fuel Cells" being developed to power the automobiles and trucks, etc. of the future.
Unfortunately, producing Hydrogen by using solar energy electricity is very inefficient. This being said, solar energy is fully renewable and therefore must be considered. Along with the Hydrogen fuel from Solar approach comes recent announcements of some breakthroughs holding great promise using Solar to economically produce the hydrogen needed for fuel cells for both the automobile and our industrial needs and not using up all of our food resources in the process.

 

Is Passive Solar A Viable Home Heating Option In Cold Areas?

Is Passive Solar A Viable Home Heating Option In Cold Areas?

Word Count:
601

Summary:
Passive solar is a method of using the energy from the sun to heat a home. It is extremely popular because the process is free once a passive solar home is created.

Keywords:
heat, heating, solar, furnaces, climates, cold, winter, greenhouse, windows, insulation

Article Body:
Passive solar is a method of using the energy from the sun to heat a home. It is extremely popular because the process is free once a passive solar home is created.

Is Passive Solar A Viable Home Heating Option In Cold Areas?

Passive solar can be used to heat a home in colder areas, but you have to go into it with reasonable expectations. While the cold climate is a hurdle, the real issue is going to be the length of time the sun beats down upon your property. If your home receives only four or five hours of direct sunlight a day, forget it. You will never produce enough energy to keep the home warm for sufficient periods of time.

Passive solar design is very popular in warm to mild climates because it is more or less a free method for warming a home. The manipulation of the position of the home and placement of large windows in the south facing wall is typical strategies for dealing with the issue. Obviously, large windows in a cold climate are going to result in significant heat loss regardless of the quality with which they are built. So, what can you do?

There are two primary approaches to creating a passive solar design that works in the winter. One is the use of a large Trombe Wall and the other is the greenhouse approach. Let's take a look.

Trombe Walls are popular in passive solar designs because they effectively convert sunlight to heat and are interesting from an aesthetic view point. Typically, a Trombe Wall is 8 to 12 feet in length on the south facing wall of a home. In significantly colder areas, the wall is going to need to be much larger, perhaps the full length of the home depending upon energy analysis and the cold weather expected. An energy audit of the home is the only to arrive at a definitive answer.

You are also going to have to incorporate a flip strategy for the heat. As the sun enters the glass plate and heats up the masonry of the wall, you risk losing vast amounts of it through the glass surface. This means you need to create an air circulation method whereby you draw the hot air into a secondary space behind the wall. This can simply be a closed off room or a space intended for the purpose. The circulation should be done on a timer similar to the solar thermostats used on solar hot water panels. The point is to keep the built up heat from escaping back into the environment.

The greenhouse approach simplifies matters. The essential idea is to build an insulated greenhouse to collect and store the heat of the sun during the day. Often called a sunspace, the greenhouse is similar to those used for plants. Even in cold climates, the sun will produce a magnificent amount of heat. Again, the problem is keeping the heat from escaping once it has built up. Since the sun has to come in through a transparent surface, you inevitably have the problem of the heat escaping through the same. The best option is to use a controlled timer to blow the air through to the house once certain temperatures are reached. It is not very efficient, but you have little choice.

An alternative to passive solar heating in very cold areas is biomass. Corn burning furnaces are popular. They are a much cheaper solution as are the corn kernels. This biomass energy is also much more reliable and, personally, it is the way I would go.

 

Is Dish TV a Valuable Alternative

Is Dish TV a Valuable Alternative

Word Count:
1050

Summary:
Are features offered by Dish TV making its Satellite TV service a valuable alternative?

Keywords:
direct tv,dvr,satellite tv,dish

Article Body:
Are features offered by Dish TV making its Satellite TV service a valuable alternative? With interactive tools, guides, and myriad options made available to every subscriber, the offerings made by Dish TV cannot be surpassed.  Moreover, the affordability of Dish TV's services seems almost criminal when one considers all of the incredible options made available to them with Dish TV's amazing features!  In fact, it is no surprise that Dish TV has been deemed the number one Satellite TV company in terms of customer service by J.D. Power and Associates.

First, Dish TV provides a Satellite TV installation screen that puts the subscriber in control of the installation process.  A Dish TV subscriber can change satellite transponders, and detect the strength of their satellite signal with a satellite signal meter.  Moreover, the satellite signal meter is accompanied by a special audio sound that lets the subscriber know when they have aligned their Satellite TV dish properly—leaving no question that the installation has been performed correctly.  Finally, the satellite signal meter allows subscribers to easily determine if there is a problem with their satellite signal and to maintain the signal by removing any obstructions and retesting the signal.

Next, every single Satellite TV program broadcast through Dish TV services is accompanied with a complete description of the program.  With a click of the Dish TV remote, subscribers are provided with a brief description of the current program, the time the programs starts and ends, the date the program is being aired, a parental rating of the program and a stars critique of the program in question.  What's more, the program information can be viewed with a white background or a clear background, whichever the subscriber prefers at the moment.

Additionally, Dish TV services offer Dish TV Interactive.  Dish TV Interactive gives subscribers access to news, sports, horoscopes, games, instant weather reports for the local area, account information, access to special shopping offers and myriad miscellaneous entertainment including Karaoke and Rapzit. Along with the Dish TV Interactive features, subscribers are free to order Pay-Per-View films anytime they desire and Pay-Per-View shows can, in some instances, be ordered well in advance of the event.

With all of the features listed above, it is certainly surprising to discover that there are even more fantastic Dish TV services available.  In fact, when subscribers first receive Dish TV services they will find themselves pleasantly surprised—Dish TV often offers installation promotions and a typical promotion will include a free Satellite TV dish and anywhere from 1 to 4 satellite receivers!  What does this mean for the subscriber?  It means Satellite TV access in up to 4 rooms of their home!

The channel selection offered to subscribers, of course, depends upon the programming they have purchased.  Nonetheless, what is made available to the subscriber is a diverse array of programming.  Packages are offered that include America's Top 60, America's Top 120, America's Top 180, and the America's Everything Pak.  Adult programming can also be ordered for additional fees.

The America's Everything Pak includes all of the programs offering in any other package along with all of the Cinemax, Starz! Showtime and HBO channels.  So, if a subscriber wants the complete Dish TV experience, the America's Everything Pak is definitely the package to order.

In essence, Dish TV offers diverse programming.  Subscribers can choose from 10 Showtime stations, 8 Starz! Stations, 8 HBO offerings, and 5 Cinemax offerings.  Moreover, sports lovers will truly get a kick out of Dish TV's features—a selection of sports programming is provided by Dish TV that can't be beat.  You can watch the Multi Regional Sports channels, The Outdoor Channel, MLB Extra Innings, ESPN College Grand Slam, NBA League Pass, ESPN Game Plan, NHL Center Ice, MLS Direct Kick, and English Premier League programming.  Finally, those individuals that prefer adult programming can easily get access to ECLIPSE, The Erotic Network, Extasy, Hot Zone and Play boy programming, respectively.

Along with all of the fantastic Satellite TV channels, Dish TV subscribers also get access to Sirius satellite radio channels.  Music lovers can listen to theme orient music like New Age, Pop, the 70s, the 80s, the 90s, Jazz, Rap, Classic Rock, Hard Rock, Christian Music, and more.  It certainly appears that Dish TV goes beyond the call of customer service to offer subscribers Satellite TV and radio entertainment.

Did you know that Dish TV is now offering Internet services?  In conjunction with Earthlink, Dish TV is now providing high-speed Internet access.  For as little as 19.95 per month, subscribers can get high-speed Internet service, Earthlink DSL service, DSL equipment and free activation.  Thus, for those dialup users formerly without high-speed Internet connection, Dish TV has created an additional service for you!  Downloads are significantly faster with Dish TV's Internet services and Dish TV offers all of the software applications and security features that the top Internet Service Providers offer.

Alternatively, the quality of customer service supplied by Dish TV cannot be overstated. Dish TV representatives are available every day of the week, 24 hours a day either by phone or a subscriber can use the customer support option provide by Dish TV Interactive.  Either way, friendly service is readily available. Furthermore, if a subscriber has any difficulties whatsoever using their Satellite TV equipment, there are technicians readily available to assist them.  Finally, calling Dish TV at any time is always free.

What is clear is that Dish TV strives to provide outstanding customer service.  In every way possible, Dish TV offers features that make Satellite TV entertainment an enjoyable experience for the viewer.  With fantastic features, programming and services, it is clear that Dish TV will remain one of the leading companies in Satellite TV service for many years to come.  Subscribing to Dish TV's offerings is as easy as making one toll free phone call.  A free installation can be planned for you and a skilled technician will come to your home and install your service for free. Once the service is installed, the technician will show you the ropes and you will be well on your way to enjoying the same features supplied to every Dish TV subscriber: unbelievable features that you will thoroughly enjoy for many months to come.  How's that for truly fantastic customer service?

 

Increasing Applications of Micro Bubbles

Increasing Applications of Micro Bubbles

Word Count:
437

Summary:
Micro bubbles have also been introduced by the Japanese to market safe and good tasting oysters. Micro bubbles of concentrated oxygen containing about 2% ozone can be used to inactivate norovirus in shellfish and oysters. This norovirus is one of the major pathogens causing food poisoning in winter. This is a much more cost effective method compared to cultivating the oysters in sterile seawater and using chlorine-based germicide.

Keywords:
micro,bubbles,micro bubbles,precision,suwa,bubble,micro bubble,miniature,used,treatment,miniature precision,due,suwa precision,cancer,applications,metal,skin,japan,water,bubbles penetrate deeply

Article Body:
There have been a lot of research studies on micro bubbles in recent years.

Micro bubbles are miniature gas bubbles of less than 50 microns diameter in water. The micro bubbles, which mostly contain oxygen or air, can remain suspended in the water for an extended period. Gradually, the gas within the micro bubbles dissolves into the water and the bubbles disappear. These bubbles are generated by various types of aerators now available in the market.

These micro bubbles, being of extremely small size, are characterized by having electrical charges. They attract suspended floating particles very effectively. This particular property has been used in sludge treatment by using the micro bubbles to capture and float organic matters, thus decreasing the time required for the sludge treatment. 

Micro bubbles have also been introduced by the Japanese to market safe and good tasting oysters. Micro bubbles of concentrated oxygen containing about 2% ozone can be used to inactivate norovirus in shellfish and oysters. This norovirus is one of the major pathogens causing food poisoning in winter. This is a much more cost effective method compared to cultivating the oysters in sterile seawater and using chlorine-based germicide. 

Another emergent usage of micro bubbles is in the areas of cancer treatment. Scientists are in the process of developing a method of diagnosing cancer lesions by injecting micro bubbles into the blood stream. During the ultrasonic scan for cancer lesions, the micro bubbles contract and expand rapidly due to the pressures produced by the ultrasonic beam. Groups of the micro bubbles at cancerous tumours will show up very visibly on ultrasonic scans to indicate the presence of cancerous cells.

Due to their large surface area volume ratio, micro bubbles can penetrate deeply into a surface for effective cleaning. This cleaning effect of micro bubbles is used in cleaning the inside of vegetables such as cabbage and radish sprout, as well as maintenance of freshness with vegetables in one particular vegetable processing center in Japan.

On a more personal level, the micro bubbles can penetrate deeply into skin for a good scrub without the need for any shampoo or soap. This skin treatment has been introduced within some spas in Japan as well as shops specializing in bathing pets. Needless to say, the baths are especially helpful for pets which have skin allergies to pet shampoos.

Suwa companies are also developing a small handy micro bubble generator which can be used at home. With all the product development going on, very soon, you may be able to purchase a micro bubble generator at your electronics store and relax in a micro bubble bath at home.

 

Hurricane Proof Computer

Hurricane Proof Computer

Word Count:
1495

Summary:
Hurricanes cause billions of dollars in damage each year, including damage to computers. Being a Katrina evacuee and survivor myself, I wrote this guide to help people keep their computers safe during a hurricane.

Keywords:
hurricane, storm, computer, pc, protect, flood, restore, fix

Article Body:
Hurricanes cause billions of dollars in damage each year, including damage to computers. Unfortunately, computers can be much harder to replace if lost than other electronics because of the data contained on their hard drives and time spent tweaking and overclocking them. Being a Katrina evacuee and survivor myself, I know how important a computer can be after a natural disaster. With hurricane season looming in the days ahead, I decided to write a guide to help people protect their computers and data during a natural disaster.

Part I: Backing Up Data And Things to Have

Hurricane season or not, you should always be backing up your data. Whether you plan on riding out the storm (a bad idea) or evacuating to another location, you should have a backup of your computer data either on an external hard drive or optical media such as CD-Rs or a DVD. Be sure to keep your data in a very safe place, such as a water proof safe. Never leave your backup by your computer.

Next, you should have the following things to make life after the storm easier:

1. Phone numbers for insurance, computer or computer parts companies, and phone numbers for all local ISPs (including dial-up and satellite). Having your insurance phone number and phone numbers for your computer company will help get your computer replaced faster if it is damaged. I can't stress enough how important it is for you to have phone numbers and even access disks for all of your local ISPs! After Katrina, the Internet was the only way many people could contact the outside world. As fate would have it, my broadband was down for 3 weeks and none of the other broadband ISPs would except new orders due to the storm, leaving me with my old friend Dial Up, whom I thought I had buried 8 years ago. Your best bet is to use a satellite ISP as they have no equipment that can be destroyed by a hurricane and cause an outage.

2. Back ups of all your file, have all application and game discs, CD keys, drivers, and operating system discs on hand.

3. Photos of your computer as well as proof of what parts are inside.

In the event your quad SLI rig is destroyed, you don't want your insurance company to replace it with something of a significantly lesser value, do you? It's very easy for people to claim "I had this, this, and this and it all cost me $3000 last month." after their 3 year old Athlon XP rig is destroyed. As a result, your insurance company may be hesitant to replace your expensive computer parts unless you can prove you own them. Also know to what extent your insurance (including flood insurance) will replace damaged property. While some policies will cover the replacement cost of damaged property, some may only cover part of the damage cost. Also know what your deductible is.

4. Blog or Social Networking Profile

Social networking sites such as myspace were great after Katrina. Friends could find out where other friends had evacuated to simply by reading each others' myspaces.

5. Generator and Gas

A generator can power many things, including home computers! Check with your local generator supplier about any local laws about generators, how to safely and properly set one up, and how well they will work with computers. Because generators provide unstable power, a battery backup UPS and a surge protector are a must. Do not count on gas to power your generator being available in the aftermath of the storm. It's best to have a good supply of gas as well as a few empty gas containers on hand.

Part II: Evacuating with Your PC

Like any family members or pets you may have, your PC isn't something to leave behind if you can avoid it. While your first priority should be getting out alive, you should consider bringing your PC with you if you can room in your car. You can't count on your destination to have good computers, high speed Internet, or any entertaining activities for that matter. Being in another place during a hurricane is stressful. Between watching your home town being walloped on CNN and The Weather Channel, the people around you as well as yourself will be tense and worried. Having a nice computer to browse the web with and play Battlefield 2 is a sure entertainer. In fact, the Internet was the only place where I could get information about my very neighborhood after the storm! Local newspaper message boards were packed with evacuees from all over my area and had plenty of information about damage to share.

Even if you can't bring your PC, at the very least bring your hard drive with you! If your home is looted in the aftermath of the storm, the last thing you want is your personal data in someone else's hands. Be sure your hard drive is in an anti-static bag to avoid needless damage to it.

If taking a long road trip, you should probably place some sort of padding or foaming (even a blanket will work) around your computer or hard drive to protect it from the vibrations of the car. Don't bring your monitor unless you have an LCD and there's room for it.

Part III: Leaving Your PC at Home

If you don't have room for your PC in your car, don't plan on staying with it during the storm. There are several safeguards you can take to prevent unnecessary damage to your computer:

1. Cover any open parts of your computer case (such as fans and vents) with tape. Don't use duct tape unless you want to risk taking paint off your case or a sticky mess.

2. Cover your computer with as many trash bags as you need. At least 2 trash bags per computer are recommended.

3. Consider how high your home is above sea level, the risk of flooding, and other factors. If you know your home could flood, you should put your computer on the second floor. But if you know your roof is weak and could easily blow off, don't put it on the second floor! Find an enclosed space with no windows (such as a closet) as close to the center of your home as possible. If your computer case has a side window, make sure it's facing towards the ground or against a wall. If you can, place other objects around your computer to offer it additonal protection from blowing rain and flying debris.

Part IV: When the Worst Happens

In the event your PC becomes damaged during the storm, don't fret. If the damage is from a fallen tree or a piece of flying debri, there is nothing you can do. If your computer becomes flooded, however, there are steps you can take to recover it. Below is a basic guide on how to recover a flooded computer.

1. Do not turn on the computer! Make sure it is unplugged! While you may be anxious to see if your computer can run, don't do it if you know it's been exposed to water. You'll just end up causing more damage if you do. Remember to keep your computer unplugged.

2. Remove components that work. If you can see a water line in your computer, take out all the components above it and put them in a safe place.

3. Let your computer dry. Let your computer dry for a week or so. One drop of water in a running computer could mean disaster.

4. Remove the CMOS battery and other parts.

5. Use a solution of 90% alcohol or more to wash the various components of your computer, including connectors. If necessary, use a paint brush to remove stubbon crud.

6. Let your computer dry completely.

If the above doesn't work or you have data you can't risk losing on your hard drive, consider professional computer recovery. Do not plan on salvaging the power supply, CMOS battery, the hard drive, optical drives, or any fans if they have been flooded. Also remember to take pictures of any damage to your computer before you attempt to fix it for insurance purposes.

Hopefully this guide will help people save their computers from hurricane related damage. A computer is a very useful tool that should be part of any good disaster supply kit. Trust me when I say it's an important thing to have around. However, remember a computer is only a material possession. Like all material objects, they can be replaced. Human and animal life, however, cannot. Use good judgement when deciding whether or not to take your computer with you and while repairing it if it damaged.

Disclaimer: In no way is the author responsible for any actions you may take to save your computer from a hurricane or fix it after flooding. Any actions you choose regarding hurricanes and computers are taken at your own risk. For the sake of all, please use common sense during any natural disaster.

 

Hurricane Aftermath Health & Safety Tips

Hurricane Aftermath Health & Safety Tips

Word Count:
460

Summary:
Health and safety tips that are helpful following a hurricane.  Focuses on disease prevention, emergency preparedness, mold damage prevention, etc.

Keywords:
hurricane, health, safety

Article Body:
With the record-setting hurricane season of 2005, it is never too soon to begin preparing for the 2006 season, which has been predicted to have an above average number of hurricanes.

EHA has over 25 years of experience with mold related matters and can assist you with assessment of the property and your health concerns.

EHA's teams of qualified professionals are ready to respond immediately with offices in West Palm Beach and Tampa Bay, Florida.

As public health consultants, our first concern is for the health and safety of the people who suffer through these unfortunate events. The potential for disease outbreaks and serious injury loom far after the threat of a major hurricane. As such, people affected by major weather events of catastrophic size must first be prepared to deal with the following conditions so critical to human survival including food, water and shelter.

    * Infectious diseases and chemical exposure – Diseases such as typhoid and cholera are associated with the consumption of contaminated food and water supplies due to flooding of sewers and sewage systems. Viral and parasitic diseases such as Hepatitis A and Cryptosporidiosis can also become major threats to the public's health. Contaminated flood waters may also harbor toxic chemicals including pesticides and petroleum by-products.
      
    * CO- Carbon Monoxide intoxication – Precautions should be taken to ensure that adequate ventilation exists whenever running any gasoline powered engine such as, large pumps, generators or vehicles. Last year there were deaths associated with carbon monoxide intoxication in Florida.
      
    * Safe food and water – Often the most critical two items essential to survival, safe food and water are often in short supply during major catastrophes. Food that has not been properly refrigerated should not be consumed. Whenever possible, drink only boiled or bottled water. If boiling water is not practical, authorities recommend the use of chlorine bleach at a concentration of1/8 teaspoon per gallon of water, but be advised that some pathogenic organisms are resistant to this chemical treatment.
      
    * Mosquito transmitted diseases – Diseases such as Encephalitis and West Nile Virus can be of serious concern. Since most hurricanes occur during the summer months, when temperatures can be sweltering, the best line of defense is a mosquito repellant containing DEET or Picariin.

Long after a hurricane has passed, after basic survival has been assured and upon return to your property, the threat of mold looms. For this reason, we've listed our Emergency Prevention of Mold Damage & Property Damage recommendations below to help provide you with the first steps you should take to limit mold damage.  More information about hurricane-related mold damage and safety tips is available at

 

Hubble Telescope

Hubble Telescope

Word Count:
521

Summary:
One of the most important telescopes in the history of astronomy, the Hubble telescope has allowed observers to peer farther into space than any previous telescope. By moving outside and above the atmosphere of the earth, the Hubble telescope has been able to observe visual data much more clearly than a terrestrial telescope, and it has been able to see much farther into the ultraviolet and infrared spectrums as well, since these spectra are largely absorbed by the earth's at...

Keywords:
telescopes, hubble, space, science, technology

Article Body:
One of the most important telescopes in the history of astronomy, the Hubble telescope has allowed observers to peer farther into space than any previous telescope. By moving outside and above the atmosphere of the earth, the Hubble telescope has been able to observe visual data much more clearly than a terrestrial telescope, and it has been able to see much farther into the ultraviolet and infrared spectrums as well, since these spectra are largely absorbed by the earth's atmosphere. Thus, by moving the observing platform into open space, the Hubble telescope has given a much clearer view of the universe, allowing scientists to peer even deeper into space.

The Hubble telescope is named for Edwin Hubble, the astronomer who originally determined that the universe is expanding. This discovery, one of the foundations of modern astronomy and cosmology, made Hubble an excellent choice for the honor of having this telescope named for him.

The concept for the Hubble telescope was originally the idea of Lyman Spitzer back in 1946. He clearly saw that earth-based telescopes were inherently limited in their ability to see into the heavens, since dust, clouds, and even turbulence in the atmosphere interfered with telescopes' clarity. Which meant that the best way to get a clear image from a telescope was with a telescope that was in orbit around the earth.

After some success with the smaller Orbiting Astronomical Observatory, the plan for a large scale telescope was born. There were some fits and starts however, mostly due to budget constraints, and the project did not really take off until the 1970's and funding was not approved until 1978. Then, with funding in place, plans were made to launch the Hubble telescope in 1983. However, due to various delays, it was not actually launched until 1990.

After a few early problems, the Hubble telescope finally started sending back clear images. And those images were well worth the effort. The Hubble telescope was able to achieve a sharpness and resolution that was unimaginable with a standard, earth-bound telescope; crisp images that not only showed new detail in known areas of space, but also peered deeper into space than ever before. And with these new images, astronomers have been able to discover new and exciting information about our universe.

However, it is not only astronomers who have been amazed at the images that the Hubble telescope has produced. In fact, the images from Hubble are delights to view all on their own. From the clearly defined galaxies, to pictures of nebulae, to the Apollo 15 landing site, Hubble has been as exciting for the public as it has been for scientists.

As the Hubble telescope ages, its future is uncertain. Corrective software has allowed earth-based telescopes to pick up much of the information previously possible only with a space-based telescope. And as NASA retools itself to follow its mandate to take a man to Mars, money that would be spent on maintenance of the Hubble is being spent elsewhere. However, before the Hubble telescope enters the atmosphere sometime in 2010, it will provide a remarkable window into the universe and all that is in it.

 

How your brain works.

How your brain works.

Word Count:
442

Summary:
The brain is the most complex structure in the known Universe!

It possesses many highly specialized component parts each associated with specific tasks, for example memory and vision.

The functioning of the human brain not only allows us to sense our environment and coordinate movements but also gives rise to attributes such as consciousness.

It is the result of millions of years of evolution,the distant origins of the human brain can be seen in simple reptiles and mammals.

Keywords:
brain, neurons, learning, power of the brain, genie, human cortex

Article Body:
Your Brain - General Features
 
The Human Cortex

The most striking feature of the human brain is seen in the cortex. This is the folded, hemispherical structure which constitutes the bulk of the visible brain.

It is not present in reptiles.

The cortex is relatively recent. It is perhaps one hundred thousand years old and is the part of the brain most closely associated with our ability to form complex representations of the external world, to reason logically and to use language.

It is much more dominant in humans than in any other species.

Regions of the cortex control vision, our auditory senses, and voluntary movement and touch sensations. It is also crucial for long term memory.
 
 
Neurons and Networks

The central nervous system is composed of something like one hundred billion nerve cells or neurons.

Each nerve cell or neuron possesses a single axon along which it can pass electrical signals to other neurons. Incoming signals are carried by a neuron's dendrites which form a tree-like structure around the neuron.

Neurons are about one micron (1 millionth meter) in diameter. The dendrites are perhaps ten times this in length while the axon varies from a millimetre up to one metre in length.

The signal from one neuron reaches another at the junction of axon and dendrite -- the synaptic gap.

The typical voltages associated to these signals are small (tens of millivolts) and travel at about two hundred miles an hour (100 metres per second)

Typically neurons can only fire once every millisecond (one thousandth of a second)

Different patterns of electrical firing activity are associated with different brain functions.

 
Learning and Connections

The brain is both robust (able to function in the event of severed connections and/or dead neurons) and plastic - able to adapt to new memories and functions.

This is due to ability of the brain to form new connections between neurons. These connections take place at synapses and are
mediated by the release of neurotransmitter chemicals.

These neurotransmitters alter the effective strength of the signal which can pass between
neurons.

During our early years and during any kind of learning process these connections form and change their strengths.
 

The power of the brain as a computational device derives from the complex network of neural pathways and the simultaneous processing capability of all the neurons.

One such immensely powerful device belongs to you. 

You can personally programme this device (your brain) to deliver everything you have ever truly desired.
 
This Genie within you is simply waiting to be told what it is you want.

So set your Genie some exciting tasks to perform and pilot yourself to a future of positive expectation.

 

How To Get The Most From Direct TV

How To Get The Most From Direct TV

Word Count:
1041

Summary:
Direct TV is now the leading cable television provider in the United States and the largest satellite TV company in the entire world

Keywords:
direct tv,dvr,satellite tv,dish

Article Body:
More and more, savvy consumers are choosing Direct TV over traditional cable.  In fact, Direct TV is now the leading cable television provider in the United States and the largest satellite TV company in the entire world.  Why are so many people choosing Direct TV over regular cable television  For starters, Direct TV offers access to hundreds of channels, bringing a plethora of programming into private homes, apartments, condominiums, commercial properties, airports, bars, and restaurants, as well as numerous other locations.

Next, Direct TV offers free satellite dish installation and prices that are often significantly lower than the cost of cable television.  Direct TV is also known for excellent customer support.  Customer support is available both online and via the telephone. Furthermore, Direct TV is the right choice if you want crystal clear reception, featuring digital quality audio and video.

Once you've decided that Direct TV is right for you, you may wonder how to get optimum enjoyment out of the service.  You may have trouble choosing the right programming plan for your household.  You may wonder if having a DVR system will really increase your viewing fun. Read on to learn how to get the most out of Direct TV.

First, put time and consideration into choosing the right Direct TV package for your household.  Total Choice, Direct TV's basic programming plan boasts a whopping 155 channels.  With Total Choice, you get access to a multitude of great television including ABC Family, American Movie Classics (AMC), Black Entertainment Television, Animal Planet, Discovery Channel, ESPN, and more.  Local television channels are included as well.  Frankly, there are enough channels available to Total Choice subscribers to keep a whole family of viewers busy for a lifetime. Best of all, Total Choice is available for less than $30 per month.  What a steal!

The next step up, Total Choice Plus, is Direct TV's middle package.  It features everything included with the Total Choice plan and packs on over 20 additional channels.  For example, quality channels like Boomerang, DIY Network, SOAPnet, The Biography Channel, and Discovery Kids are included when you choose Total Choice Plus. The price is great, coming in at just $45.99 a month. 

Want more  Give Direct TV's Total Choice Premier package a try.  This plan is truly a smorgasbord of television programming, featuring everything included in the Total Choice Plus plan and tacking on a huge assortment of quality channels, including a number of premium cable channels.  You get big name premium channels like HBO, Cinemax, and Starz, as well as several quality sports networks.  In all, Total Choice Premier offers more than 250 amazing channels at just $93.99 per month.  This is truly entertainment at its best.

After you've chosen you Direct TV plan, take advantage of the Direct TV DVR System offer.  With this state-of-the-art system, you can avoid missing your favorite shows.  How many times have you been stuck late at work, in traffic, or at the grocery store, lamenting the fact that you were missing your best programs  Now, you can use this DVR system to record hours of programming, making it easy to view all your shows, even if you are not at home when they are broadcast. 

Powered by TiVo, the Direct TV DVR System allows you to record several different episodes of a program, even when they are broadcast at different times and on differing days.  Even better, you can choose to record more than one show at one time.  Furthermore, you can fast-forward through recorded programs to avoid viewing all those very annoying commercials.

With Direct TV's impressive combination of DVR and TiVo, you can actually pause the shows you are watching.  This is true even if the show in question is live.  Furthermore, you can play scenes back in slow motion.  How's that for entertainment

Using DVR powered by TiVo, you can record 70 hours of your favorite programs and enjoy them at your leisure.   How much will all this cost you  Absolutely nothing. Direct TV's DVR System is free after rebate. 

By now you are seeing the many benefits of Direct TV service.  However, if you want to get even more out of your Direct TV service, consider selecting the Direct TV HD DVR System.  Also powered by TiVo, this system features up to 200 hours of recording time (200 hours STD and 35 hours HD).  This system, regularly priced at close to $700, is offered at just $399 after rebate.   With DVR powered by Tivo, you can enjoy your very own, high-quality entertainment experience every day of the week.

Direct TV offers so much that choosing can be hard.  The best advice for making your selections is to think hard on the shows and channels you like to watch.  Also, consider the viewing habits of your family members.  If you have children, who absolutely must see Nicktoons, be sure to choose a plan that includes that channel.  If you love watching lots of television and simply must have access to the Sundance Channel, the Total Choice Premier package may be right for you.  Likewise, if you don't watch very much television, but want access to quality programming when you do, Total Choice may be the right plan.  If you are a kind of middle-of-the-road TV viewer and like having plenty of choices, choosing Total Choice Plus may be just the thing to create a happy medium.

Getting the most out of Direct TV also includes saving the most money.  Direct TV frequently offers money savings deals guaranteed to make you smile.  For instance, you can get free satellite installations, free equipment, and even a free Direct TV HD System (after rebate).  Always check online or by phone for great deals before ordering.  Chances are you'll find a money-saving special that makes Direct TV service even more attractive.

Last but not least, ask questions to get the most out of Direct TV.  When you are new to Direct TV, you may have many questions.  Don't be afraid to ask them or raise any concerns you.  Our Direct TV representatives are always more than willing to lend a helping hand and provide you with ways to get maximum enjoyment out of Direct TV.  Direct TV is television gourmet-style.  Give it a try!

 

How to Build a Rocket

How to Build a Rocket

Word Count:
265

Summary:
Instructions on how to build a rocket for the beginner.

Keywords:
build rocket, how to build a rocket

Article Body:
Rockets - They are one of the most enjoyable pyrotechnic devices. Small lightweight rockets can be made using Black powder, which is used popularly as rocket propellant and is easy to mix. We have explained the basic steps that can follow to make a simple rocket.

First make the black powder mix. Use Potassium Nitrate, Air Float Charcoal,80 Mesh Charcoal, Sulfur in the ratio of 16:6:3:4. This is a optimum mix ratio, grind all the mix into a container and make a fine free flowing powder. Pass it though a mesh preferably 20 Mesh steel mesh.

Take a 4 Oz Engine tube for making the Body of the rocket. Now ram the fine grained black powder mix into the tube up to 80% and a little air room. You can use a 'ram through funnel', which will make our task easy, the rammed materials inside the body of the rocket should be hard.

Now fill in clay after making it a little moist and fill it in the space where the room for air has been left. Now punch a thin hole in the clay using a thin object, say needle. This is for the fuse. A ready made fuse can be obtained from a firecracker or by coating a cotton string with the same black powder material.
Attach the fuse to the under part of the rocket body through the clay, also make a conical head of paper materials.

Now tape a long stick to the rocket for stability. The rocket is ready now, bury the stick in the sand upright and light the fuse, watch it skyrocket upwards.

 

How to Build a Robot

How to Build a Robot

Word Count:
312

Summary:
Introductory guide to robot building for beginners.

Keywords:
build robot

Article Body:
Robots as we all know are considered as friendly creature created by human beings as we are created by God. They are created for human being to simplify life even more basically for our daily chores with the specified sequence and even by military for the purpose of doing things which has the danger to life of human beings and thus they are developed over years to substitute human beings in all the fields.

Many of us are not that qualified to make a robot by ourselves and that why we all are anxious to know how to make a robot and even depends upon the task we want to create it for. We all have the tendencies of exploring whatever new comes in the field of science and hence a basic prototype robot can be created knowing few basic high end programming stuffs.

Robots are almost 30% programming and hence if we target one specific purpose and program it well enough then it serves our purpose and the program mostly used for this is Unix and for beginner's Lego Mindstorms series is the best and how complicated your robot might turn up to be depends upon your technical acumen.

While learning how to make a robot we should always keep in mind that fewer the moving parts be of the robot better it is for the beginner's as for startup we might just want it to move from here and there or hold something and sort of stuff. We should link if-then statement well and it should be taken care of that battery is never less then 50% and if so happens it should be re charged.

Thus we now understand that knowing how to make robot can never be known as there is no limit to what can be achieved with the knowledge of science and development of robots can never end.

 

How Do Microscopes Work?

How Do Microscopes Work?

Word Count:
424

Summary:
A microscope is a device which allows one to view something which is too small to be seen by the naked eye. Items which are often studied under a microscope can include a single hair, blood or skin cells. With the naked eye these are hard to see, and impossible to view in any detail. However, by using a microscope the intricacies of these and any other object are much more clearly revealed. This kind of detail is often required in science and so those who use microscopes most...

Keywords:
microscope

Article Body:
A microscope is a device which allows one to view something which is too small to be seen by the naked eye. Items which are often studied under a microscope can include a single hair, blood or skin cells. With the naked eye these are hard to see, and impossible to view in any detail. However, by using a microscope the intricacies of these and any other object are much more clearly revealed. This kind of detail is often required in science and so those who use microscopes most in their work are often scientists of some shape or form.

Knowing what a microscope is used for is only half of the story though. It is also interesting to consider how the technology works. The technical alignments of the components of a microscope are very detailed and can be incredibly hard to get right. However the basic principles of the function of a microscope are actually surprisingly simple. A magnifying lens is situated in the part of the microscope which is placed near to the object being studied. This lens creates an enlarged image of the subject just inside the tube from the light which it reflects. This is quite a complex area of physics but the image of the object which is created inside the microscope is what is actually enlarged to enable a more in depth view of the subject. Most microscopes actually contain two lenses, one at each end of the eye tube. Between them is an air separated couplet. This is known as a compound lens microscope. The image of the subject is created between the two lenses. The one closest to the subject is used to bring the image into focus while the one closest to the eye is used to help the eye focus on that image.

When viewing an object through a microscope correctly your eye should be focused to infinity. For those who use a microscope frequently, or for prolonged periods of time, and experience headaches or tired eyes it is usually as a result of incorrect focusing of the microscope. If it is focused correctly there should be no adverse affects to using a microscope often and for long periods at a time.

The invention of the microscope is shrouded in mystery as many have claimed to have been responsible for it but there is no real evidence to confirm any one individual. Names such as Galileo Galilei and Zacharias Janssen have been suggested but nobody knows for certain who it should be attributed to.

 

Home Made Acne Treatments

Home Made Acne Treatments

Word Count:
380

Summary:
Most people want to treat their acne. So there are many different kinds of acne treatment products. There is one special kind of acne treating products called the Natural Acne Remedy. Unlike the other acne treatment products, Natural Acne Remedy treats acne with natural processes. Since these natural acne remedies are 100% natural, there should not be any side effects to this kind of treatment.

Keywords:
acne, acne treatments, acne treatment, skin care, zits, pimples, how to get rid of acne, accutane, roaccutane, proactiv, homemade

Article Body:
The difference between natural acne treatments products and non-natural acne treatment products is that difference except natural treatment products does not include any side effects. Although natural acne treatment products have been increasing its popularity over the latest few years, another popular type of acne treatment was found, the home made acne treatment products.

Home made acne treatment products may range from natural products to non natural products. The greatest advantage is that one can use different acne treatment products until you find one that they prefer and that works best on them. So this way they do not need to buy many different products to find one that works best but easily make the product at home to try it and then make more when it gives a good result.

Still sometimes these treatment products can be natural, they also give the advantages of natural treatment products, no side effects. They are still acne treatment products but they may take longer to treat the acne, sometimes it may take up to months with a home made acne treatment product to make the acne go away.

Basically home made acne treatments are made with the sources that one has. Since everyone is different, the identical acne treatment product will not give the same results to everyone. So therefore home made acne treatment can quickly find the perfect acne treatment product for you. This type of acne treatment has been gaining popularity for a long time now. This type of acne treatment is also the cheapest kind of acne treatment out there. Some researches have found that other people's remedies for acne will not work sometimes but then when using a home made acne remedy, it could do the job and get rid of your acne.

There is also one bad point in using home made acne treatments. They might not work and may sometimes add to the problem. If the treatment has not been made correctly it may add to the acne problem with side effects and other skin issues. Most people would just use trail and error because most of the skin issues that is caused by a side effect can be cured. It is best to do some research before making your own home made acne treatment product.

 

Help Teach Teens: Math Counts Every Day

Help Teach Teens: Math Counts Every Day

Word Count:
699

Summary:
Many parents may admit math was not their favorite subject in high school. Many may also admit that math now plays an important role in their lives and careers--and will be necessary for their own children's futures.

Keywords:
Help Teach Teens: Math Counts Every Day

Article Body:
Many parents may admit math was not their favorite subject in high school. Many may also admit that math now plays an important role in their lives and careers-and will be necessary for their own children's futures.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, by 2014, 6.3 million jobs will require science, engineering or technical training-24 percent more than in 2004. These statistics show that today's middle and high school students will need a strong math background to be competitive in the job market.

Spending time with teens to make math relevant to them now can help them build strong math competencies to achieve success later. So how can parents engage their teens in math-focused activities that both can enjoy?

Here are tips to help parents capture their teens' and preteens' interest and make math matter in many ways, through encouragement, entertainment and empowerment.

Make It Real

Leading by example is a powerful influencer. Showing how math is used everyday can help teens understand its importance to their every day lives outside of the classroom. Are you cooking dinner tonight? Have your teen measure out the ingredients and ask questions on measurements if a recipe was doubled. Need to pay the bills? Have them do the math to calculate balances and budgets. Ready to purchase your teen's first car? Sit down with him or her to figure out financing, insurance rates, monthly gas expenses and maintenance costs.

Turn On The Television

Use examples from TV and movies to show how math can be entertaining and exciting. One program that mixes entertainment with education is "We All Use Math Every Day™," which provides free lessons based on the math used to solve crimes in CBS' hit series "NUMB3RS" on Friday nights. More than 28,000 teachers around the nation have signed up for this program for high school students developed by Texas Instruments in partnership with CBS and in association with the National Council for Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM).

Order a pizza, tune into the show with your teen, and discuss how math helped solve the crimes to make a Friday TV night that's both fun and educational. If your child's teachers aren't using the classroom activities, encourage them to do so. Visit www.cbs.com/ numb3rs for details, as well as more parenting tips from education experts.

Take A Trip

Many popular tourist attractions also help stimulate young minds. When traveling on a family vacation or simply exploring the sights in your own town, visit math and science exhibits in museums, learning centers, colleges or zoos to show how math relates to teens' interests and hobbies.

When on vacation, ask your teen to create the day's agenda, calculate the shortest walking or driving routes to visit the attractions, or figure out currency exchange rates.

Test The "Truth"

Beyond balancing a checkbook, math teaches analytical and problem-solving skills that are necessary throughout life. Showing teens how to challenge what they are told by analyzing facts and figures in the media and on the Internet will teach them to test statements and think beyond conventional wisdom. Go through the newspaper or online news sites and discuss articles or current issues of interest to your teen. Challenge them to re-create the statistics used to support each side of a debate, or to double-check the charts and graphs for accuracy.

Take the Maximum

Helping teens plan their math education early on can make an impact on their educational and career opportunities later in life. The requirement for a strong math background is no longer just for engineers and scientists, and parents must plan ahead to ensure that their teens are prepared, no matter what career they choose.

Just like English and reading, math coursework builds on concepts learned in earlier grades. Teens need to take a math class every year from middle school through graduation to ensure the most opportunities remain open to them later in life. Know what math courses the schools offer and encourage teens to take classes that challenge them every year, regardless of their school's minimum requirements.

By working with teens to show how math is relevant every day, parents can help ensure their children's personal and professional success in the future.

 

Hear Your Soon-To-Be-Born Baby

Hear Your Soon-To-Be-Born Baby

Word Count:
482

Summary:
Nothing is more exciting than expecting a baby and many expectant mothers and fathers can't wait to hear the sound of their child's heartbeat. Parents who cant wait and parents who want to share the amazing experience of listening to the beating sound can buy a baby heart monitor known a...

Keywords:
health,baby,babies,heart,baby heart monitor,hear,pregnan,pregnancy,mother,kids,children

Article Body:
Nothing is more exciting than expecting a baby and many expectant mothers and fathers can't wait to hear the sound of their child's heartbeat. Parents who cant wait and parents who want to share the amazing experience of listening to the beating sound can buy a baby heart monitor known as a fetal Doppler.

The purpose of this article is to help you to the next level and show you what this amazing subject has to offer.

A fetal Doppler uses sound waves to notice the sound of the infant's cardio activity. The sound waves bounce off of the little ones heart and are sent back to the listener. The baby heart monitor sends these sounds, also known as high frequency waves into an inquiry badge close to the device.

The high frequency waves don't trek very well so it is necessary to use a gel or oil to help things along. The sound conductor is practical straight to the mothers belly and the baby heart monitor is located over the matter and enthused until sound is detected.

The little heartbeat is larger through an earpiece and orator built right into the baby heart monitor. The role wearing the earphones can hear the infants beats and like every precious instant, at slightest until somebody else asks for a chance.

During the next part, we must change to a more serious side to fully communicate the subject matter in a way for all to understand.

The baby heart monitor is very reliable to use. It has been tested and released by the United States governmental agencies responsible for such regulations. No negative affects have been found in over thirty living of use. The baby heart monitor is the same technology worn in hospitals everyday on thousands and thousands of patients.

Some claim that there are great benefits for with the badge while others think that too many sound waves can not be good for the developing fetus. The Food and Drug Administration recommends that you gossip to your physician and get permission before with a home baby heart monitor. This is forever good procedure.

Since the baby heart monitor can be fairly a posh investment for such a short-term ingress many parents prefer to rent one. Renting a baby heart monitor is really less posh and the parents can forever change their minds and asset the part if they so decide.

The renting choice is an appealing aspect unfilled by the manufacturers and the variety to asset the entry gives parents even more incentive to try the device. After all, most families have a baby in their coming plans, whether immediate or extended. A baby heart monitor is a great entry to have.

If you could take the main ideas from this article and put them into a list, you would a great overview of what we have learned.

 

Green and Black Tea are great for your health

Green and Black Tea are great for your health

Word Count:
498

Summary:
Both your mind and body will benefits from the good chemicals that can be found in these teas.

Keywords:
green, black, tea

Article Body:
Many cultures around the world drink tea. Some people drink tea as part of social interaction, and others drink it for their health. Specific teas, such as black tea and green tea, have been tested for their positive affects on people's health. And studies have shown that these two teas can in fact benefit your body. And not just by providing a little pick me up in the morning either. Studies have shown that green tea can slow the growth of cancer cells. Everyone should take notice of these anti-carcinogenic properties, especially in an age of tremendous pollution. Studies by the National Cancer Institute, in America, have shown that powerful plant antioxidants within the tea will stunt the progression of cancerous cells. The cancer preventing properties of tea are just one of the wonderful properties of the drink.

 Black tea has been found to increase the presence of certain anti-bacterial proteins in the body. Not just by a little bit either, but a considerable amount. When compared to coffee drinkers, tea drinkers actually had a concentration of disease preventing protein that was  400% higher. Clearly, these are significant health benefits to be had from drinking tea. The are even more benefits though. Mental acuity can be increased as well. A study of elderly people found that those who drink tea actually reduce their risk of mental problems by half when compared to people who don't drink tea. And the tea drinkers only had to drink a couple cups a day to realize those amazing benefits.

 Green tea can help increase the rate at which calories are burned in the body. The chemicals found in green tea allow the body to more efficiently burn fat for energy.  Evidence also exist to show that drinking this type of tea can help the body reduce chemicals associated with stress. While this tea forestalls senility, it also more generally improves brain functioning in all segments of the population. The caffeine contained in green tea will help improve memory and give one sharper thinking.

 This tea also contains chemicals specific to plants that slow down the growth of bacteria that cause bad breath. The health benefits of drinking green and black teas are quite remarkable. The same chemicals that slow bad breath can also help people with certain bowel diseases. The bacteria limiting properties of the tea helps ease the discomfort associated with such complications. While there are obviously a myriad of health benefits directly related to the physical properties of these teas, there is also mental health relaxation that is associated with preparing a warm beverage. Taking time out of your day to prepare something that is nourishing to your body can really allow you to calm down and retreat from the stresses of everyday life. Learning about all the different types of teas can be quite an enjoyable experience. Not only will you learn about the disparate boiling techniques for each tea, but you will learn each every tea's specific chemical properties.

 

Great Astronomical Observatories of the World

Great Astronomical Observatories of the World

Word Count:
532

Summary:
Article turns the subject of the great astronomical observatories of the world into a fascinating study with interesting tidbits about the various sites.  From information on different types of telescopes to material on the different subjects of planetarium observations one will find this astronomy article interesting, informative, and easy to understand.

Keywords:
observatory, planetarium, telescope, Palomar, Griffith Park, Keck Observatory, Lick Observatory, Yerkes Observatory, laserium, Zeiss Telescope

Article Body:
The great observatories of the world are responsible for many of the prolific astronomical observations of the twentieth century.  Telescopic photograpy, radio dish data collection, and infrared imaging are among the many  different techniques observatories have been able to employ to learn about the heavens.

The Palomar Observatory may be the most famous of all.  With five telescopes operated by Cal-Tech's graduate and post-doctoral students, the 200-inch Hale telescope is the most famous of all Palomar's telescopes.  Built in 1949, it was intended to overcome the onset of the southern California smog problem.  Other noteworthy telescopes operated at Cal-Tech include a telescope to search for supernovae, a comet hunter, a trio of sky cameras looking for planetary and other celestial phenomena, an interferometer capable of detecting the slightest wobble in the orbits of a planet, and a sixty inch telescope responsible for spotting the first brown dwarf circling a companion star.

Cal Tech is also directly involved in the operation of the Keck and Lick Observatories.  The Keck Observatory, located on top of Hawaii's dormant Mauna Kea volcano contains the world's largest optical and infrared telescopes.  Its twin Keck telescopes stand eight stories high and weigh 300 tons each.  Lick Observatory is located on 4200 foot Mount Hamilton east of San Jose, California.  It contains nine research telescopes with the largest being the Shane 3-meter  Reflector.  This telescope is used to observe everything from our local solar system to faraway galaxies.

The Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles is known for its12-inch Zeiss Refracting telescope.  This telescope's fame is largely due to the fact that it has been used to allow public viewing of the universe since 1935.  More than five million people have looked through its lenses since under the guidance of experienced Telescope Demonstrators.  The Griffith Observatory was also known for its laserium light shows in previous years although they have been discontinued at present.

The Hayden Planetarium in Boston is more than just a planetarium.  It is also a museum.  Along with its Gilliland Observatory, laser-light shows and a rotating star simulator are among some of the different multi-media astronomical experiences available to the public.

The Greenwich Observatory in Cambridge, England was established in 1675 by King Charles II in order partially to fix longitude readings.  It currently fixes the origin of the worldwide time reference point of Greenwich Mean Time.  An observatory in Portland Maine is being restored as a famous architectural monument.  Another observatory of note is the University of Chicago's Yerkes Observatory with its five telescopes.

All of these observatories have added to the vast array of knowledge now known about the universe.  Their importance to the history of astronomy, as well as their continuing usefulness, can not be overemphasized.

1)  Palomar observed:  For more than 50 years, science above and beyond; Scott LaFee; San Diego Union Tribune; November 2, 2005
2)  CalTech Astronomy Website;
3)  UC Observatories Website
4)  Yerkes Observatory Website;
5)  Griffith Observatory Website;
6)  Observatory view worth preserving; by John Alphonse.
7)  Hayden Planetarium Website.
8)  The Astronomical Society of Edinburgh: A Guide to Edinburgh's Popular Observatory

 

Grameen Shakti and the Solar Revolution

Grameen Shakti and the Solar Revolution

Word Count:
416

Summary:
An insightful article about Grameen Shakti, a renewable resources company that is using solar energy to revolutionize rural living in Southeast Asia.

Keywords:
Solar, Renewable Energy, Environmental Education

Article Body:
Grameen Shakti is a renewable energy resources company based out of Bangladesh.  They are a part of the Grameen family of companies, which has been working for decades to alleviate the burdens of poverty in developing countries.  The Grameen Bank, one of their founding companies, has become world-renowned for their charitable work and for helping to establish groundbreaking programs focused on the needs of people.

In recent years, the Grameen Bank has financed and supported a number of projects aimed at removing social and financial barriers and creating opportunities for those less fortunate.  Grameen Telecom is one such example.  The central aim of this company is to provide collateral-free loans to rural villagers for use in establishing local communications networks.  This model has become known as the Village Phone.

They have now committed significant resources to sustainable energy development.  The cornerstone of this effort is the Photovoltaic Program.  In Bangladesh, only 30% of the population is receiving energy from the electrical power grid.  In this developing nation, the infrastructure to provide energy to every household simply doesn't exist.  In an effort to address this problem, Grameen Shakti has financed the installation of thousands of solar energy systems in rural communities.

This has created immense opportunities for people in rural villages.  Children now have the ability to pursue their studies long after the sun has gone down.  Businesses now have the ability to operate beyond their traditional work hours, thus increasing productivity and sales.  A world of opportunity has opened up for an entire generation of rural villagers.  As a consequence, they are no longer rural villagers.  They are now members of our global village.

One of the most amazing consequences of this program has been the level of technological engagement that has occurred among the youth in Bangladesh.  For young people in rural communities, the future is bright.  Due to the advancement in technological knowledge and understanding, the demand for skilled workers has increased at a phenomenal pace.  To address this concern, Grameen Shakti has also established training programs that educate young people in the principles of electronics and engineering.

It is both exciting and encouraging to witness the immediate and tangible effects of an enlightened business model that measures its true profitability by its social impact.  It is an idea that is completely foreign to the western capitalist mindset, and one that serves as a shining example of the power of an idea.  Western corporations take heed; there are lessons to be learned in rural Bangladesh.

 

Global Warming - How can you Help?

Global Warming - How can you Help?

Word Count:
373

Summary:
Global warming is a major cause of concern and has been since many years. In this article we talk about how bad the situation is and how you can help in reducing global warming.

Keywords:
automotive, auto, cars, bikes, internet, website, transport, carpool, business, social, environment

Article Body:
Global warming over the next half-century could put more than a million species of plants and animals on the road to extinction, according to an international study

Thomas, lead author of the study published in the science journal Nature, said emissions from cars and factories could push temperatures up to levels not seen for 1 million to 30 million years by the end of the century, threatening many habitats. The sweeping new analysis, enlisting scientists from 14 laboratories around the globe, found that more than one-third of 1,103 native species they studied in six regions around the world could vanish or plunge to near extinction by 2050 as climate change turns plains into deserts or alters forests.

Global warming is widely blamed on rising concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere linked to emissions of gases from burning fossil fuels in cars, factories and power plants. We can cut global warming pollution by reducing pollution from vehicles and power plants.
We can increase our reliance on renewable energy sources such as wind, sun and geothermal. And we can manufacture more efficient appliances and conserve energy.

But all this will take time, instead we should think of alternatives which can be done immediately like doing ridesharing or carpool, using clean fuel like CNG. There is no reason to wait and hope that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will solve the problem in the future. Right away, we should put existing technologies for building cleaner cars and more modern electricity generators into widespread use.

If current trends continue Global warming will have catastrophic effects like:
• Melting glaciers, early snowmelt and severe droughts will cause more dramatic water shortages in the American West.
• Rising sea levels will lead to coastal flooding on the Eastern seaboard, in Florida, and in other areas, such as the Gulf of Mexico.
• Warmer sea surface temperatures will fuel more intense hurricanes in the south-eastern Atlantic and Gulf coasts.
• Forests, farms and cities will face troublesome new pests and more mosquito-borne diseases.
• Disruption of habitats such as coral reefs and alpine meadows could drive many plant and animal species to extinction.

Such alarming facts call for some serious action on each one's part and we can contribute by sharing our vehicles and making carpools in our cities.

 

Get Rid of Acne

Get Rid of Acne

Word Count:
367

Summary:
Many people in the world think acne is something that is really negative. Although acne does not really change anything else but the physical appearance of a person, but to some this may affect them very badly.

Keywords:
acne, acne treatments, acne treatment, skin care, zits, pimples, how to get rid of acne, accutane, roaccutane, proactiv, homemade

Article Body:
Many people in the world think acne is something that is really negative. Although acne does not really affect anything else but the physical look of a person, but to some this may affect them very negatively. There are many different ways to get rid of acne, one might try different acne treatment products. Because acne affects all age group, there are products made for many different age groups to help getting rid of acne.

Some acne treatment products include Zyporex and ClearPores. Usually these products should not give any side effects but in some cases they do give some side effects. Usually products like this usually get rid of your acne within a week and sometimes in a few days. Some of these products are very costly but sometimes they are very cheap, also sometimes they are even given out to you for free just so you can try it. Most of these products are simple to use and may also help you reduce any more acne appearing on your skin.

The second type of acne treatment is using natural remedies. This is getting more and more popular over the past few years and many are using it. This is because of two main reasons; it is cheaper and it does not give side effects. Some think that if they do not give side effects it will take longer for them to get rid of the acne. That is not true because natural acne treatment products, such as Green tea extract and Licorice Root Extract, still get rid of the acne before a week but most of the time within a few days. They give no side effect and these natural remedies have been used for sometimes thousands of years and most of these remedies are being used to cure other medical things.

The third popular way to get rid of acne is using home made acne treatments. This treatment is quite popular because one can use different remedies until they locate one they like and that functions best for them. So this way they can change around remedies a lot and usually these remedies are natural so it has the benefits of natural acne treatments.

 

Gas is important

Gas is important

Word Count:
311

Summary:
In todays modern economy, Gas & Oil, have become such important aspects, that it would be safe to say that we rely on them. A few examples are gas in our cars, for our furnaces, and the production of plastics. How much do you really know about Gas though?

A gas is one of the different phases of matter. Similar to liquids and plasmas, gases are fluids. This means that they have the ability to flow and that they will not usually return to their prior stage after they have been deformed. This does

Keywords:
gas, gas prices, gas station, cheap gas, cheap gas prices, gas shortage, gas scooter, natural gas, gas mileage, local gas prices, find cheap gas

Article Body:
In todays modern economy, Gas & Oil, have become such important aspects, that it would be safe to say that we rely on them. A few examples are gas in our cars, for our furnaces, and the production of plastics. How much do you really know about Gas though?

A gas is one of the different phases of matter. Similar to liquids and plasmas, gases are fluids. This means that they have the ability to flow and that they will not usually return to their prior stage after they have been deformed. This doesn't mean that they don't have viscosity. A property of a gas that is different from that of a liquid is that; a gas does not occupy a fixed space or volume, but will instead expand to fill whatever container it is in, this is opposite of a liquid that will remain the same.

After Plasma, gas has the second highest energy per molecule. Due to this extreme amount of kinetic energy, gas atoms and molecules of gas will usually bounce off any container they are placed in, and even off of eachother. This bouncing will occur with more power as the kinetic energy of the gas is increased. Many people, incorrectly believe that when these molecules collide provide the main basis in explaining gas pressure. This is not true because the random velocities of the gas are enough to define the gas pressure. Not to leave these collisions in the dark, as they are very important in establishing the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of the gas.

It's interesting how we use the word "gas" every single day, and all that we relate it to is the rising gas prices, or something that we get when we eat too many beans. There is alot more to gas then that, and is an important part of our everyday lives.

 

Galactic Mystery - Matter - On the Dark Side

Galactic Mystery - Matter - On the Dark Side

Word Count:
1036

Summary:
Scientific inquiry can be described as a sequence of observations leading to a hypothesis which must be tested by experimentation.  The results either validate or invalidate the hypothesis which was under test.  Unfortunately, the interpretation of the data sometimes does not elucidate some new truth but rather eclipses our thoughts into a new era of ignorance.

Keywords:
relativity, einstein, special relativity, albert einstein, science, physics, math, mathematics, Ptolemy, copernicus, galileo, newton, electromagnetism

Article Body:
Heralding a new age in the cosmos, Norwegian Kristian Birkeland predicted that the universe likely consisted of an exotic component that would later be called dark matter.  His comments about this subject matter appeared in a description of the Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition (1902-1903).  Birkeland's ideas about the Expedition were published in the fateful year of 1913 which would see the rise of the socialist Federal Reserve System and the Income Tax in the United States of America, two key components of the communist manifesto.  Evolutionary processes were in motion throughout all fields of endeavor.  Economics, politics, science and the hearts and minds of men and women were in the balance whilst relativism not truth held sway over the modern imagination.  Cosmology would suffer from the same 'evolutionary' mindset and Birkeland wrote as much:

"We have assumed that each stellar system in evolutions throws off electric corpuscles into space. It does not seem unreasonable therefore to think that the greater part of the material masses in the universe is found, not in the solar systems or nebulae, but in "empty" space."

In this fashion, Birkeland predicted that because of the 'evolutions' present within the cosmos most of the matter in the universe must be found in 'empty' space rather than that which is observable in stellar objects.  It is currently believed that only four percent of the universe is of this ordinary visible stellar type.  Further, about a quarter of the universe is made up of the ubiquitous dark matter with the rest of the cosmos being filled with the even more bizarre dark energy.  It was Fritz Zwicky, a swiss astrophysicist working for Caltech, who would further the concept of dark matter through the aegis of the Virial Theorem.

This mathematical relation is a formula which bounds the energy of a set of particles.  In another dark year in the steady evolution to slavery since 1933 saw the removal of gold from the accounts of american citizenry, Zwicky used the Virial Theorem in an attempt to ascertain the validity of the dark matter hypothesis.  He focussed his attention on the Coma galactic cluster and his analysis provided prima facie confirmation for the existence of dark matter.  By evaluating the amount of movement of those galaxies at the periphery of the cluster he was able to approximately surmise the aggregate of all the matter therein.

He was astonished to learn that this sum total of mass is different from a separately computed estimate.  This other value was obtained by analyzing the sum total of galaxies and the brightness of the Coma cluster.  Juxtaposing this value with the periphery computation he observed that there was a discrepancy of at a minimum four hundredfold.  Since the galaxies were insufficiently massive to cause the computed orbital velocities there must be some other mechanism to explain this phenomena.  This conundrum became in the scientific lexicon the missing mass problem.  Zwicky had established the need for the existence of an invisible source of mass hitherto unknown which must provide the necessary gravitational effect for the cluster.

Thus, it is a fact of the current state of cosmology that the greatest set of evidence for dark matter comes from this galactic gravitational data.  Scientists have even made galactic curves describing the rotational properties of stars versus the distance from the galactic center.  When the gravitational data is plotted it can be shown that only a small portion of the observed speeds are explicable by classical computations.  In other words, there is a scarcity of visible mass in the observed galaxies to attribute the sum total of gravitational effects to visibly observable stars planets and galaxies.  Thus, the simplest way to explain this galactic mystery of insufficient mass is to hypothesize a non-detectable type of mass known as dark matter which can be the cause for the gravitational effects.

As more and more data is collected on these and other aspects of the universe, formulae and cosmological postulates are generated describing the results so obtained.  Fulfilling the requirements of the aforementioned aspects leads some scientists to propose several different types of dark matter.  The four main types of dark matter are called 1- baryonic dark matter; 2- warm dark matter; 3- cold dark matter and 4- hot dark matter.  Dark matter ranges from the known to the predicted, from black holes to brown dwarfs to the massive compact halo objects (MACHOs), the neutrino, axions, WIMPS or weakly interacting massive particles and the esoteric neutralino.  However, there is an alternative explanation for the gravitational effects which originally created the dark matter concept.

If an incomplete understanding of gravitation is factored into the picture, then it can be asserted that the dark matter interpretation is incorrect because some other cause is generating these phenomena.  Several different contending theories have been developed to describe the observed galactic data.  In particular, one of the main competing explanations is given by scalar tensor theories which try to combine the teachings of quantum mechanics with gravity.  Amplifying these ideas leads to a variety of exotic ideas which challenge our most fundamental notions of physics and astronomy.  Other concepts go even further and have been the subject of interest for astronomers like Dr. Riccardo Scarpa since these allow for a cosmology without the inclusion of the enigmatic dark matter.

Dr. Scarpa works at the European Southern Observatory in Santiago Chile using the Very Large Telescope Array at Paranal.  With all of his experience in this field, it is interesting to note some of his most recent comments on the superfluous dark matter:

"Dark matter is the craziest idea we've ever had in astronomy. It can appear when you need it, it can do what you like, be distributed in any way you like. It is the fairy tale of astronomy."

In view of these comments one should ask if another scientific idea might be on the verge of collapsing.  Indeed, astronomers are routinely using these other theoretical principles on a daily basis in infrared observatories around the world.  Thus, it is very likely that we are simply wrong about all of this dark matter.  It is within all probability that the only dark matter that we will ever find is that ignorant dark matter between our ears.